The hyperplanes of a matroid are the flats of rank equal to rank M - 1. The complements of the hyperplanes are precisely the circuits of the dual matroid (which is indeed how this method computes hyperplanes), and thus a matroid is determined by its hyperplanes.
i1 : M = matroid({a,b,c,d},{{a,b},{a,c}})
o1 = a matroid of rank 2 on 4 elements
o1 : Matroid
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i2 : hyperplanes M
o2 = {set {1, 2, 3}, set {0, 3}}
o2 : List
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The object hyperplanes is a method function.